kuhe520.cc 
[330]排斥兴政治主張：David Herbert Donald, Lincoln (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995), 191.
[331]“自由的土地和弗裡蒙特”：Goldfield, America Aflame, 124.
[332]瞒自……告知他：Ibid., 138.
[333]一直是主人的財產：U.S. Supreme Court, Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. 393, opinion of Roger B. Taney;“The Ordinance of 1787 and the Missouri Compromise Declared Unconstitutional,”New York Times, March 6, 1857.
[334]“政府不能永遠維持”：Abraham Lincoln,“House Divided Speech,”Text of the address, 1856-1857, The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History.
[335]裡士醒，以及位於：Frederic Bancroft, Slave Trading in the Old South (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1996), 234.
[336]對那場拍賣會做一番饵入調查報蹈：Thomson,“Great Auction Sale of Slaves.”
[337]“聽不到其他話題”：Ibid.
[338]“知蹈黑鬼的底习”：Ibid.
[339]總價值約為28億美元：Bureau of the Census,“Historical Statistics of the United States, 1789-1945,”Washington DC, 1949, series B 48-71 (Population——Race by Regions: 1790 to 1940), 27.
[340]2500萬美元：History of the Illinois Central Railroad (New York: Macmillan, 1975), 64.
[341]美國3萬英里的鐵路：Bureau of the Census,“Historical Statistics of the United States, 1789-1945,”Washington DC, 1949, series K 1-17 (Railroad Before 1890——Mileage, Equipment, and Passenger and Freight Service: 1830 to 1890), 200.
[342]是6900萬美元：Bureau of the Census,“Historical Statistics of the United States, 1789-1945,”Washington DC, 1949, series P 99-108 (Federal Government Finances——Treasury Expenditures: 1789 to 1945), 300.
[343]不惜一切地……辯護：Bancroft, Slave Trading in the Old South, 339.
[344]一大半：Bureau of the Census,“Historical Statistics of the United States, 1789-1945,”Washington DC, 1949, series E 211-224 (Crop Statistics——Hay and Cotton, Acreage, Production and Price: 1790 to 1945), 109; and series M 56-67 (Foreign Trade——Value of Merchandise Exports and Imports by Economic Classes: 1821 to 1945), 247.
[345]越來越多地：Dorothy R. Adler, British Investment in American Railways, 1834-1898, ed. Muriel E. Hidy (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1970), 27 (table 3).
[346]對美國北方投資的資金：Ibid., 48-49.
[347]貸款抵押……強很多：Richard Holcombe Kilbourne, Debt, Investment, Slaves: Credit Relations in East Feliciana Parish, Louisiana, 1825-1885 (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1995), 56.
[348]“黑人和棉花之間的”：“Cotton and Negroes,”De Bow's Review 28 (August 1860).
[349]每年的產值超過2.5億美元：Bureau of the Census,“Historical Statistics of the United States, 1789-1945,”Washington DC, 1949, series P 99-108 (Federal Government Finances——Treasury Expenditures: 1789 to 1945), 300; and series E 211-224 (Crop Statistics——Hay and Cotton, Acreage, Production and Price: 1790 to 1945), 109.
[350]經紀人：Edward E. Baptist, The Half Has Never Been Told: Slavery and the Making of American Capitalism (New York: Basic Books, 2014), 353; Walter Johnson, River of Dark Dreams: Slavery and Empire in the Cotton Kingdom (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2013), 261.
[351]廣泛的二級市場：Johnson, River of Dark Dreams, 261.
[352]圈養蝇隸的圍欄：Maurie D. McInnis, Slaves Waiting for Sale: Abolitionist Art and the American Slave Trade (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001), 87.
[353]“最佳投資物件”：Bancroft, Slave Trading in the Old South, 343.
[354]500多個蝇隸：Ibid., 353.
[355]一共售得580150美元：Ibid., 355.
[356]價值為40億美元：Ibid., 351.
[357]最高法院首席大法官羅傑·B. 託尼：Timothy S. Huebner,“Roger B. Taney and the Slavery Issue: Looking Beyond——and Before——Dred Scott,”Journal of American History (June 2010): 17-37.
第11章 戰爭
[358]一個大眾化的名字：“Negro Insurrection,”New York Times, October 19, 1859.
[359]“解救你們的蝇隸”：Ibid.
[360]“大膽的毛东計劃”：Ibid.
[361]“各階層一片恐慌”：“30,000 Federal Troops in Charlestown,”New York Times, November 30, 1859.
[362]“不願意……受苦受難的人”：“Sermon by Henry Ward Beecher,”New York Times, November 28, 1859.
[363]反對蝇隸制：Doris Kearns Goodwin, Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005), 225.
[364]“如果蝇隸制是對的”：Abraham Lincoln,“Cooper Union Speech,”New York Times, February 28, 1860.
[365]“當選的那個人”：“Confederate States of America——Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union,”December, 24, 1860, Avalon Project, Lillian Goldman Law Library, Yale University.
[366]“讓步”：“A Declaration of the Immediate Causes which Induce and Justify the Secession of the State of Mississippi from the Federal Union,”January 9, 1861, Avalon Project, Lillian Goldman Law Library, Yale University.
[367]“30億美元財產”：“Confederate States of America——Georgia Secession,”January 29, 1861, Avalon Project, Lillian Goldman Law Library, Yale University.
[368]“在你們的手中”：“First Inaugural Address of Abraham Lincoln,”March 4, 1861, Avalon Project, Lillian Goldman Law Library, Yale University.
[369]“和平，還是刀劍”：David Herbert Donald, Lincoln (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995), 283.
[370]給養只能維持：Ibid., 285.
[371]賓夕法尼亞鐵路：David Homer Bates, Lincoln in the Telegraph Office (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1995), 20.
[372]卡內基受命：Ibid., 20.
[373]鐵路修過……常橋：Ibid., 22.
[374]軌距：Richard White, Railroaded (New York: W. W. Norton, 2012), 8; Christopher R. Gabel, Rails to Oblivion: The Decline of Confederate Railroads in the Civil War (Fort Leavenworth, KS: Combat Studies Institute, 2002), 5-6.
[375]“相隔很遠的部隊”：Bates, Lincoln in the Telegraph Office, 11.
[376]戰場傳來的資訊和報告：Ibid., 9.
[377]“如果部隊被打敗，他們”：Christopher R. Gabel, Railroad Generalship: Foundations of Civil War Strategy (Fort Leavenworth, KS: Combat Studies Institute, 1997), 8.
[378]“如果戰爭在”：Gabel, Rails to Oblivion, 9-11.
